Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim
Mathematics:
- Sieve of Eratosthenes (prime finding)
 - Bitwise Sieve
 - Segmented Sieve
 - prime factorization
 - https://www.dropbox.com/s/ndai0fquchmazu7/factorization.pdf (pdf by jan vai)
 - GCD, LCM
 - Factorial
 - Fibonacci
 - Counting, Permutation, combination
 - Exponentiation
 - Modular Arithmetic
 - Euclid, Extended euclid
 
Data Structure:
- Stack
 - Queue
 - Priority Queue
 - Linked list
 - Heap
 - Hash table
 - Disjoint Set, Union Find
 - Binary Search Tree
 - Trie, Suffix Array
 - Binary Indexed Tree(BIT)
 - Segmented Tree
 - Heavy Light decompositon
 
Sorting:
- Bubble Sort
 - Selection Sort
 - Insertion Sort
 - Shell Sort
 - Quick Sort
 - Merge Sort
 - Counting Sort
 - Radix Sort
 - Bucket Sort
 - Heap Sort
 
Searching:
- Linear Search
 - Binary Search
 - Ternary Search
 - Map, HashMap
 
Dynamic Programming:
- Rod Cutting
 - Maximum Sum (1D, 2D)
 - Coin Change
 - Longest Common Subsequence
 - Longest Increasing subsequence, Longest Decreasing Subsequence
 - Calculating nCr using DP
 - Matrix Chain multiplication
 - Edit Distance
 - 0-1 Knapsack
 - Bitmask DP
 - Traveling Salesman problem
 - Digit DP
 
Greedy algorithm:
- Activity selection/Task scheduling problem
 - Huffman coding
 - Fractional knapsack problem
 
Graph Theory:
- Graph Representation(matrix, list/vector)
 - Breadth First Search(BFS)
 - Depth First Search(DFS)
 - Bipartite Graph checking
 - Topological Sort
 - Strongly Connected Component(SCC)
 - Minimum Spanning Tree(MST)
 - Kruskal’s Algorithm
 - Prim’s Algorithm
 - Directed MST
 - All pair's shortest path(Floyd Warshall)
 - Djkastra algorithm
 - Bellman Ford Algorithm
 - Directed Acyclic Graph
 - Bipartite Matching
 - Max-Flow, Min-cost max-flow
 - Cayley's Theorem
 - Articulation Point
 - Bridge
 - Euler tour/path
 - Hamiltonian Cycle
 - Stable Marriage problem
 - Chinese Postman problem
 - Minimum Vertex Cover(Graph+DP)
 
Number Theory:
- Josephus Problem
 - Farey Sequence,Stern-brocot Tree
 - Catalan numbers
 - Euler's phi
 - Burnside's lemma/circular permutation
 - Modular inverse
 
- Probability
 - Chinese Remainder Theorem
 - Gaussian Elmination method
 - Dilworth's Theorem
 - Matrix Exponentiation
 - Determinant of a matrix
 - RSA public key crypto System
 
Computation Geometry:
- Pick's Theorem
 - Convex hull
 - Line Intersection
 - Segment circle intersection
 - Point in a polygon
 - Area of a polygon
 - Line Sweeping
 - Polygon intersection
 - Closest Pair
 
Game Theory:
- Take Away game
 - Nim
 - Sprague-grundy Number
 
String:
- Naive String matching
 - Rabin karp Algo
 - Finite Automata
 - Knuth-Marris-Pratt Algo
 - Manacher's Algo
 - Aho korasick's Algo
 - Boyer-Moore Algorithm
 
Others:
- Recursion
 - Backtracking
 - Hungarian Algorithm
 - C++ STL(Standard Template Library)
 - Bitwise operations